About Book

With the onset of industrialization era and urbanization of the countries, human kind became one of the biggest polluters, contributing towards the generation large heaps of waste and unsanitary conditions. To keep this planet clean then habitable waste management is the need of the hour. Wastes that cannot be broken down by other living organisms are called non-biodegradable. Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste as green waste, food waste, paper waste and biodegradable plastics. The main environmental threat from biodegradable waste is the production of methane landfills. Unquestionable, land filling is the worst waste management option for bio-waste. However, for the management of biodegradable waste diverted from landfills, there seems to be several environmentally favourable options. This book focuses on principles and recent advances for handling waste in an environmentally sustainable way. It uses a global lens to examine all aspects of the waste. It includes animal fat wastes, organic waste, waste management, agrowastes, solid substrates, biomass waste, biodegradable waste, green waste management and biosorbent materials. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of the subject. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and applications of waste management. The book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Agro-Industrial Waste Revalorization: The Growing Biorefinery....1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Production of bioenergy......................................................................2

3. Biocompounds from agro-industrial wastes..........................................5

4. Biocomposites.........................................................................................8

5. Vinasse and tequila production in Mexico, a case study.........11

6. Market of the bioproducts derived from agro-industrial

wastes....................................................................................................14

7. Conclusions..........................................................................................16

Acknowledgements.............................................................................17

Conflicts of interest.............................................................................17

Funding.................................................................................................17

Chapter 2 Advances in Metal Recovery from Wastewaters Using Selected Biosorbent Materials and Constructed Wetland Systems...............27

Abstract.................................................................................................27

1. Introduction..........................................................................................28

2. Bioremediation of metals from leachates.......................................31

3. Conclusions and future direction....................................................44

Acknowledgements.............................................................................46

Conflict of interest..............................................................................46

Chapter 3 Bio-Drying of Biodegradable Waste for Use as Solid Fuel: A Sustainable Approach for Green Waste Management.....................61

Abstract........................................................................................................61

1. Introduction..........................................................................................62

2. Bio-drying process..............................................................................64

3. Materials and method........................................................................69

4. Results and discussion.......................................................................71

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................75

Chapter 4 Analysis of Biomass Waste Cofiring into Existing Coal-Fired

Power Plant Using Computational Fluid Dynamics........................81

Abstract.................................................................................................81

1. Introduction..........................................................................................82

2. Retrofitting the existing coal power plants through cofiring for

sustainable energy...............................................................................83

3. CFD modeling for coal and biomass cofiring inside a

combustor.............................................................................................84

4. Case studies of biomass waste cofiring..........................................88

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................100

Acknowledgements...........................................................................100

Chapter 5 Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Substrates from

Agroindustrial Activities — Slaughterhouse Wastes

and Agrowastes.......................................................................................103

Abstract...............................................................................................103

1. Introduction........................................................................................104

2. Characteristics of slaughterhouse wastes and agrowastes.......104

3. Anaerobic digestion..........................................................................108

4. Conclusions........................................................................................129

Chapter 6 Application of Multivariate Data Analyses in Waste

Management.............................................................................................142

1. Introduction........................................................................................142

2. Multivariate data analysis in waste management ....................143

3. Selected examples from literature using multivariate data analysis

in waste management .....................................................................155

4. Critical discussion of multivariate statistical methods ............160

5. Summary.............................................................................................162

Chapter 7 Assessing the Efficiency of a Proposed Project in Waste

Management.............................................................................................172

1. Introduction........................................................................................172

2. Goal, targets, location .....................................................................174

3. Interpretation and analysis data ...................................................176

4. Research results ................................................................................183

5. Conclusions .......................................................................................191

6. Acknowledgment .............................................................................194

Chapter 8 Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production from Organic

Waste..........................................................................................................195

1. Introduction........................................................................................195

2. Basics of anaerobic digestion..........................................................196

3. Anaerobic digestion technologies..................................................205

4. Conclusions .......................................................................................223

5. Acknowledgment ...........................................................................224

Chapter 9 Animal Fat Wastes for Biodiesel Production .................................228

1. Introduction........................................................................................228

2. Meat production around the world..............................................231

3. Characterization and generation of animal fat wastes..............235

4. Biodiesel production from animal fat wa-stes: technical

challenges............................................................................................239

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................250

6. Acknowledges....................................................................................251

Chapter 10 A Value Chain Analysis for Bioenergy Production from Biomass and Biodegradable Waste: A Case Study in Northern Norway..261

Abstract...............................................................................................261

1. Introduction........................................................................................262

2. Bioenergy production from biomass and biodegradable

waste....................................................................................................264

3. Value chain analysis of bioenergy production from biomass and

biodegradable waste.........................................................................268

4. A value chain and feasibility analysis for establishing bioenergy

plants in Northern Norway............................................................273

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................283

Acknowledgements...........................................................................284

Conflict of interest............................................................................284

Citation......................................................................................................291

Index...........................................................................................................293

About Author

L Jennings pursued his Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering from Public State University, Moreno. His primary areas of scholarly and research interests lie in the fields of biodegradable waste management and bioremediation. He is serving as a Visiting Professor at Technical College, Bahia. Jennings has been presented the “Principal’s Prize for Excellence in Teaching” for his outstanding teaching service and the impact he has made worldwide. He is a veteran in the field of biodegradable waste management with numerous revolutionizing journals, articles and research papers to his credit.