About Book

Ichthyology also known as fish science, is the branch of biology devoted to the study of fish. This includes bony fish, cartilaginous fish and jawless fish. Ichthyology covers the study of fish and its origins. It is concerned with a large group of organisms, a number of specialized sub-disciplines like taxonomy, anatomy, behavioral science ecology and physiology. Because of the great importance of fishes as human food, economic ichthyology is a significant segment of the field. The science of ichthyology was developed in several interconnecting epochs, each with various significant advancements. With about 27,000 known living species, fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, with more than one-half of the total vertebrate species. The ecosystem to fisheries seeks to understand the existing relation and their characteristics within the environment with the objective of improving the management and use of resources by activity. This book presents complex subject of Ichthyology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It aims to present researches that have transformed this discipline and added its advancement. It comprises the study of ichthyosiform erythrodermia sarcoidosis, ichthyofauna and chondrichthyes. It also consists of topics dealing with ontogeny, habitat for fishes, genetic applications, fish behaviour and fish domestication. One of the main objectives of this book is to present the current situation of the risks and challenges and its impact on the environment, as different management techniques already in the search for alternative and improvement. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies on the subject have been included in the book, thus making it an invaluable source of knowledge for the students.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Fish Domestication: An Overview..........................................................1

Abstract ..................................................................................................1

1. Introduction ..........................................................................................1

2. Domestication of freshwater fish species ........................................4

3. Domestication of diadromous and marine fish species .............12

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................17

Conflict of interest .............................................................................19

Chapter 2 Effects of Domestication on Fish Behaviour......................................28

Abstract.................................................................................................28

1. Introduction ........................................................................................28

2. Swimming behaviour ........................................................................30

3. Foraging behaviour ...........................................................................32

4. Predator avoidance behaviour..........................................................33

5. Social behaviour..................................................................................34

6. Reproduction........................................................................................36

7. Personality............................................................................................37

8. Learning-cognition..............................................................................38

9. Conclusion............................................................................................39

Chapter 3 Genetic Applications in the Conservation of Neotropical Freshwater Fish ..............................................................................................................50

Abstract ................................................................................................50

1. Rivers of the Neotropical region.....................................................51

2. Diversity and biology of Neotropical fish.....................................53

3. Environmental impacts and risks for Neotropical fish...............56

4. Genetic applications............................................................................60

5. Molecular markers..............................................................................63

6. Application of molecular markers...................................................70

7. Conclusion............................................................................................74

Acknowledgements.............................................................................75

Chapter 4 Salt Marsh Peat Dispersal: Habitat for Fishes, Decapod Crustaceans,

and Bivalves ..............................................................................................97

Abstract.................................................................................................97

1. Introduction ........................................................................................97

2. Study site..............................................................................................99

3. Methods .............................................................................................102

4. Results ................................................................................................104

5. Discussion .........................................................................................113

Acknowledgements...........................................................................115

Chapter 5 A Review of the Mitogenomic Phylogeny of the

Chondrichthyes........................................................................................120

Abstract...............................................................................................120

1. Introduction........................................................................................121

2. Materials and methods....................................................................123

3. Results and discussion of the phylogenetic relationships........126

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................130

Acknowledgements...........................................................................130

Chapter 6 Acquired Ichthyosiform Erythrodermia Sarcoidosis......................135

1. Introduction........................................................................................135

2. Methods to use for diagnosis.........................................................135

3. Treatment protocol ..........................................................................137

4. Different diagnoses...........................................................................137

5. Prognosis............................................................................................137

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................138

Chapter 7 Molecular Biodiversity Inventory of the Ichthyofauna of

the Czech Republic................................................................................140

1. Introduction........................................................................................140

2. DNA barcoding.................................................................................142

3. Material and methods......................................................................147

4. Results.................................................................................................152

5. Discussion...........................................................................................159

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................165

7. Acknowledgement.............................................................................166

Chapter 8 A Tale on the Demersal and Bottom Dwelling Chondrichthyes in the South of Sicily through 20 Years of Scientific Survey..................174

Abstract...............................................................................................174

1. Introduction........................................................................................174

2. Overview of the Chondrichthyes know-ledges...........................176

3. State of the art of Chondrichthyes in South of Sicily................189

Acknowledgements...........................................................................193

Chapter 9 Preliminary Observations of Infant Ontogeny in the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) and the First Description of Play Behaviour and Its Ontogeny in Tarsiers...........................................204

Abstract...............................................................................................204

1. Introduction........................................................................................205

2. Methods..............................................................................................206

3. Results.................................................................................................208

4. Discussion...........................................................................................215

Acknowledgements...........................................................................220

Citation......................................................................................................225

Index...........................................................................................................227

About Author

Marlon Hart is an Aquaculture Engineer based at Bahia. He pursued his Ph.D. in Aquaculture Engineering and Marine Science from Technological University, South Carolina. He is actively engaged in the researches focused on freshwater fish and marine ecosystem. He has authored and edited more than 50 articles, journal papers and book chapters in the field of ichthyology. Hart is an active member of several scientific and technical societies, where he continues to share his expertise and knowledge in the field of aquaculture.