About Book

The disciplines of marine and aquatic sciences deal with the regulation and promotion of aquatic life and the ecological regions that encompass aquatic ecosystem, the limnological and hydrological mechanisms at work in these ecosystems, and the impact of human activity in these areas. These fields branch out into various sub-fields such as marine biology, marine chemistry, oceanography and hydrology. The principal aim of marine biology is to discover how ocean phenomena control the distribution of organisms. Aquatic Sciences covers the fields of theoretical and applied water research and fisheries sciences including such topics as water chemistry and physics ecology freshwater biology geochemistry hydrogeology ichthyology limnology mathematical modeling oceanography and sedimentology. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of marine and aquatic sciences and how such concepts have practical applications. This book discuss topics related to aquatic fungi, applied ecophysiology, aquatic species, genetic founder effects, marine environment, marine structural failures and cryopreservation biotechnology. It covers important aspects such as principles related to aquatic sciences, conservation and hydrographical practices. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advancements in this field have also been included. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Introductory Chapter: Cryopreservation Biotechnology in Aquatic Science...........................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Cryopreservation of sperm cells in aquatic species.......................2

3. Cryopreservation of eggs and embryos in aquatic species..........3

4. Cryobanking in aquatic science.........................................................4

5. Opportunities and new strategies.....................................................4

6. Conclusion..............................................................................................5

Chapter 2 Common Case Studies of Marine Structural Failures.......................8

Abstract...................................................................................................8

1. Introduction............................................................................................8

2. Common case studies...........................................................................9

3. Failure causes and mechanisms.......................................................16

4. Failure analysis tools..........................................................................17

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................24

Acknowledgements.............................................................................24

Chapter 3 Introduction to Coastal and Marine Environment Concepts and Significances...............................................................................................29

1. Introduction..........................................................................................29

2. Subdisciplines of oceanography.......................................................29

3. The significance of oceanography and coastal studies...............32

Chapter 4 Dynamic Characterization of Open-ended Pipe Piles in Marine

Environment...............................................................................................35

Abstract.................................................................................................35

1. Introduction..........................................................................................36

2. Test typologies.....................................................................................39

3. Pile instrumentation...........................................................................41

4. Signal processing techniques............................................................51

5. Experimental modal analysis............................................................54

6. Case study: Lateral loading tests on near-shore pipe piles in

marine environment...........................................................................56

7. Conclusions..........................................................................................72

Chapter 5 Aquatic Introductions and Genetic Founder Effects: How do

Parasites Compare to Hosts?..................................................................77

1. Introduction..........................................................................................77

2. Literature review.................................................................................79

3. Case study............................................................................................83

4. Conclusion............................................................................................96

5. Acknowledgments...............................................................................98

Chapter 6 Development of Biopolymers as Binders for Feed for Farmed

Aquatic Organisms.................................................................................106

1. Introduction........................................................................................106

2. Feed binders.......................................................................................107

3. Feed manufacture..............................................................................118

4. Assessment of feed stability in water...........................................119

5. Assessment of nutrient leaching ...................................................123

6. Binder effect on growth .................................................................124

7. Binder effect on feed digestibility ................................................130

8. Binder effect on digestive enzymes .............................................131

9. Conclusion..........................................................................................133

Chapter 7 Applied Ecophysiology: An Integrative Form to Know How Culture

Environment Modulates the Performance of Aquatic Species from

an Energetic Point of View..................................................................147

1. Introduction........................................................................................147

2. General aspects of applied ecophysiology .................................148

3. Molluscs ecophysiology ..................................................................150

4. Ecophysiology of crustacean .........................................................159

5. Modelling individual growth: Size-at-age variability in

cephalopods and mixed models tools .........................................174

6. Conclusions........................................................................................179

7. Acknowledgements...........................................................................180

Chapter 8 Aquatic Fungi .........................................................................................191

1. Introduction........................................................................................191

2. Life styles of aquatic fungi.............................................................193

3. Hidden biodiversity of aquatic fungi...........................................205

4. Importance of fungi for aquatic food webs.................................210

5. Assessing fungal biodiversity and functionality in aquatic

ecosystems..........................................................................................216

6. Concluding remarks.........................................................................217

7. Acknowledgment .............................................................................218

Citation......................................................................................................235

Index...........................................................................................................237

About Author

Linda Woods pursued her M.Sc. in Earth Sciences and Ph.D. in Oceanography from Public University of Science, Edmonton. She currently serves as a Research Professor at Public Research University, Bahia. Her primary areas of scholarly and research interests lie in the fields of oceanography and geomorphology. Her research has been a valuable contribution to those who hold keen interest in the varied fields of earth sciences. Woods has authored and edited a number of academic periodicals, journal papers, articles and books in the field of marine biology and her works have been published in various books as reference material. She has won over 15 awards and recognitions for her researches and other services.