About Book

Engineering hydrology is the science of water resource engineering which deals with the study of occurrence, distribution, movement and the properties of water on the earth or beneath the earth surface or in the atmosphere. The study of hydrology can help in determining the maximum probable flood that can occur at a particular location. Hydrology analyses the variations observed in the catchments by bringing a relationship between the surface water and groundwater resources of the catchment. Hydrology studies the required reservoir capacity that is necessary for irrigation and municipal water supply purpose during drought conditions. It is used in the design and operation of hydraulic structures. It mitigates and predicts flood, landslide and drought risk in the region. This book gives far reaching bits of knowledge into the field of hydrology. It follows the development of this field and speaks in insight regarding its significance in the present-day situation. It deals with hill slope hydrology, recurrent neural network, modelling tool, groundwater management, watershed hydrology, contaminant hydrology, global and regional hydrology. It is a significant aggregation of points, going from the fundamental to the most unpredictable hypotheses and standards in the field of engineering hydrology. Also included in it a detailed explanation of the various concept and applications of this subject. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and facilitate to the study of the discipline.

Preface ....................................................................................................................... v

1. Groundwater and Contaminant Hydrology ..................................................... 1

1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

2. Case study — I................................................................................................ 4

3. Case study — II ............................................................................................ 20

4. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 29

2. Current Challenges in Experimental Watershed Hydrology ....................... 33

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 33

2. Challenges ..................................................................................................... 35

3. The Critical Zone Experimental Block (CZEB) ......................................... 40

4. A trial of the CZEB: The Chuzhou CZEB experi-mental system........... 47

5. Selected findings .......................................................................................... 55

6. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 66

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 68

3. Genetic Programming: Efficient Modeling Tool in Hydrology and

Groundwater Management ............................................................................... 75

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 75

2. Simple and interpretable hydrological models using genetic

programming ............................................................................................... 79

3. Parsimonious selection of input variables .............................................. 84

4. Multiple predictive model structures using GP ..................................... 87

5. GP as surrogate model for simulation-optimization ............................ 88

6. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 89

4. Recurrent Neural Network Based Approach for Solving Groundwater

Hydrology Problems .......................................................................................... 92

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 92

2. Water Exploration Process ......................................................................... 93

3. Mathematical Models Applied to Water Exploration Process ............. 95

4. Defining the Global Energetic Efficiency Indicator ................................. 97

5. Neural Approach Used to Determine the Global Energetic

Efficiency Indicator .................................................................................... 100

6. Estimation of Aquifer Dynamic Behavior Using Neural Networks .. 105

7. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 107

8. Appendix ..................................................................................................... 108

5. Contribution of GRACE Satellite Gravimetry in Global and Regional

Hydrology, and in Ice Sheets Mass Balance ............................................... 113

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 113

2. Principle of GRACE space gravimetry mission .................................... 114

3. The GRACE data ........................................................................................ 116

4. Post-processing techniques ...................................................................... 120

5. Applications to continental hydrology: results and discussion ........ 125

6. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 133

7. Acknowledgment ...................................................................................... 134

6. Hydrology and Methylmercury Availability in Coastal Plain Streams ... 145

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 145

2. Hydrologic controls on methylmercury production ........................... 149

3. Hydrology and MeHg availability in Coastal Plain streams ............. 151

4. Hydrology & MeHg availability: South Carolina Coastal Plain

example ....................................................................................................... 156

5. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 165

7. Application of Hagedoorn’s Plus-Minus Method to Hydrology Study .. 173

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 173

2. Hagedoorn’s plus-minus method ............................................................ 174

3. Application ................................................................................................. 177

4. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 181

8. Soil Indicators of Hillslope Hydrology ......................................................... 183

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 183

2. Hydropedology .......................................................................................... 184

3. Hydrology of soil types ............................................................................. 191

4. Conceptual models of hillslope hydrological behaviour .................... 198

5. Hydropedological applications in hydro-logical modelling .............. 203

6. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 218

Citation ................................................................................................................ 225

Index .................................................................................................................... 227

About Author

Robbie Crawford received his M.Sc. in Water Resources Engineering from Science University, Galway. He has contributed in more than 50 articles, journal papers and several reference books in the field of geotechnical engineering & hydrology, which have been published worldwide. He is a Guest Lecturer at Public University, Hefei. He has wide-ranging areas of academic and research interests which include ecosystem modelling to water resources management, coastal, solving groundwater hydrology, ocean and civil engineering. Crawford is an active member of several scientific and technical societies.