About Book

Veterinary science is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife and production animals. It is vital to the study and protection of animal production practices, herd health, and monitoring the spread of widespread diseases. It requires the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge in multiple disciplines and uses technical skills towards disease prevention in both domestic and wild animals. Veterinary medicine deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in non-human animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions that can affect different species. Veterinary medicine is widely practiced, both with and without professional supervision. Veterinary research transcends species boundaries and includes the study of spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced models of both human and animal disease and research at human-animal interfaces, such as food safety, wildlife and ecosystem health, zoonotic diseases, and public policy. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of veterinary science and medicine. It is designed to provide in-depth knowledge about the various concepts and methodologies of this field. It explores artificial insemination, pathological anatomy, veterinary pharmacokinetics, schistosomiasis, insect-borne diseases, epidemiology and fatty acids. It also focuses on computed tomography, veterinary vaccines and veterinary physiology. It includes some path-breaking studies in the field of veterinary science and medicine. The topics covered in it deal with recent advances in this field. Some of the themes covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference on veterinary science.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Introductory Chapter: Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology...........1

1. History of veterinary anatomy AND physiology...........................1

2. Imaging technology within anatomy and physiology..................3

3. Women in veterinary medicine, anatomy and physiology..........6

Chapter 2 Human and Veterinary Vaccines against Pathogenic

Escherichia coli..........................................................................................18

Abstract.................................................................................................18

1. Introduction..........................................................................................19

2. Vaccines against EHEC/STEC...........................................................19

3. Vaccines against ETEC.......................................................................25

4. Vaccines against ExPEC.....................................................................28

5. Vaccines against APEC.......................................................................30

6. Conclusion............................................................................................31

Conflict of interest..............................................................................31

Chapter 3 Computed Tomography in Veterinary Medicine: Currently Published and Tomorrow's Vision.......................................................46

Abstract.................................................................................................46

1. Overview of computed tomography in veterinary medicine....47

2. Clinical uses of computed tomography in veterinary

medicine................................................................................................48

3. The technical use of micro-computed tomography (CT) in

veterinary medicine and research....................................................49

4. Clinical and research investigations into bone tissue..................50

5. Clinical and research investigations into soft tissues..................53

6. Clinical and research investigations into vasculature.................54

7. The future of CT in veterinary medicine and research..............58

Acknowledgements.............................................................................60

Chapter 4 Fatty Acids in Veterinary Medicine and Research...........................69

Abstract.................................................................................................69

1. Introduction to fatty acids.................................................................69

2. Inflammation, disease and the immune system...........................71

3. The effects of fatty acids on fertility and during pregnancy and

development.........................................................................................76

4. Fatty acid-binding proteins and lipid modulation.......................79

5. Future fatty acid research and medicine........................................79

Acknowledegments.............................................................................81

Chapter 5 Epidemiology of Needlestick and Sharps Injuries in Veterinary

Medicine......................................................................................................94

Abstract.................................................................................................94

1. Introduction..........................................................................................95

2. Epidemiology of needlestick and sharps injuries.........................95

3. Conclusions........................................................................................107

Acknowledgements...........................................................................107

Chapter 6 Emerging Insect-Borne Diseases of Agricultural, Medical and

Veterinary Importance...........................................................................116

Abstract...............................................................................................116

1. Introduction........................................................................................117

2. A new situation.................................................................................118

3. Xylella fastidiosa: A threat for olive trees...................................122

4. The climate hypothesis....................................................................126

5. Bluetongue spread in Europe.........................................................127

6. Natural products help......................................................................128

7. The neem opportunity.....................................................................129

8. The neem cake alternative..............................................................133

9. Conclusions........................................................................................136

Chapter 7 Epidemiological Survey of Human and Veterinary

Schistosomiasis........................................................................................143

1. Introduction........................................................................................143

2. Fresh water habitats harbouring snail hosts of schistosomes..147

3. Danger of schistosomiasis...............................................................148

4. Continental distribution of schistosomiasis.................................148

5. Approaches in schistosomiasis control.........................................153

6. Survey, identification and distribution of species of snail

hosts, in Nigria..................................................................................154

7. Ecological factors affecting intermediate snail hosts.................155

8. Habitat water chemistry parameters, snail’s availability and

spread..................................................................................................156

9. Study sites..........................................................................................160

10. Methods..............................................................................................163

11. Result...................................................................................................163

Chapter 8 Comparative Veterinary Pharmacokinetics.......................................168

1. Introduction........................................................................................168

2. Administration routes in veterinary practice..............................169

3. Absorption of drugs.........................................................................170

4. Drug distribution..............................................................................176

5. Drug metabolism...............................................................................180

6. Drug excretion...................................................................................185

7. Acknowledgement.............................................................................189

Chapter 9 How Experience Can Be Useful in Veterinary Pathological Anatomy....................................................................................................194

1. Introduction........................................................................................194

2. Pathological diagnosis......................................................................195

3. The re-using knowledge mechanisms .........................................206

4. The framework and the system.....................................................208

5. Conclusion and future remarks.....................................................214

Chapter 10 Artificial Insemination in Veterinary Science.................................220

1. Introduction........................................................................................220

2. First developments and milestones in the field of veterinary

Artificial Insemination......................................................................222

3. AI techniques in different species.................................................223

4. Use of epididymal spermatozoa for AI........................................232

5. Use of sexed semen for AI..............................................................232

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................234

Citation......................................................................................................243

Index...........................................................................................................245

About Author

Jeyoung Lockhart holds Ph.D. in Veterinary Science from State Science University, Shandong. Lockhart's scholarly and clinical interests lie in animal reproduction, diagnosis of mycotoxicosis, cattle, zoonotic diseases and animal vaccines. He is a guest lecturer in many leading universities across Asia and teaches courses on animal science and livestock health. Lockhart has also served as a reviewer for several well-known animal welfare and veterinary science journals. He has travelled and lectured extensively throughout Europe and Asia; primarily for higher education.