About Book

The cell is the basic structure, functional, and biological unit of all know living organisms. Cellular structure is a complex system of metabolic reaction pathways, protein synthesis and a membrane that protects and wraps it. Plants cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms. An animal cell is a type of cell that dominates most of the tissue cells in animals. Plant and animal tissue culture can be grown to enhance the production of the plants and animals. Plant cells can primarily be categorized into parenchyma cells and collenchyma cells. Cell culture is also a key technique for cellular agriculture, which aims to provide both new products and new ways of producing existing agricultural products like milk, (cultured) meat, fragrances, and rhino horn from cells and microorganisms. This book presents the complex subject of plant and animal ell Culture in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It elucidates the various methods and theories of these processes. It deals with mammalian cell culture, biosynthesis in plant cell, virus isolation, culture conditions, production of anthocyanins, stem cell cultures, production of mycotoxins and cell growth. It is an utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this an invaluable source of knowledge. The book is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in this area.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Kinetic Studies on Cell Growth ............................................................1

Abstract ..................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Growth kinetics ....................................................................................4

3. Conclusion............................................................................................10

Conflict of interest .............................................................................10

Chapter 2 Growth of Fungal Cells and the Production of Mycotoxins.........12

Abstract.................................................................................................12

1. Introduction ........................................................................................13

2. Fungi......................................................................................................13

3. Fungal growth in food .....................................................................15

4. Mycotoxins...........................................................................................16

5. Prevention and control of mycotoxins............................................24

6. Conclusion ...........................................................................................24

Chapter 3 Primary Neural Stem Cell Cultures from Adult Pig Brain and Their Nerve-Regenerating Properties: Novel Strategies for Cell Therapy ......................................................................................................30

1. Introduction..........................................................................................30

2. General properties of neural stem cells in adult mammals .....31

3. Neurosphere isolation from adult pig brain subventricular

zone........................................................................................................33

4. Improvement of post-lesional neural outcome with primary pig

neurosphere transplantation inside a venous autograft..............42

5. Future applications of these new paradigms................................47

6. Conclusion............................................................................................49

Chapter 4 Production of Anthocyanins in Grape Cell Cultures: A Potential

Source of Raw Material for Pharmaceutical, Food, and Cosmetic

Industries....................................................................................................59

1. Introduction..........................................................................................59

2. Biology and chemistry of anthocyanins as pigments..................61

3. Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in

grapes....................................................................................................70

4. Muscadine grape cells as model system........................................71

5. Key concepts for enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape

cell lines................................................................................................78

6. Commercialization and applications of grape cell products......89

7. Conclusion and future prospects.....................................................91

Acknowledgements.............................................................................91

Chapter 5 Culture Conditions and Types of Growth Media for Mammalian

Cells............................................................................................................111

1. Introduction........................................................................................111

2. Natural medium................................................................................113

3. Synthetic medium.............................................................................115

4. How to use.........................................................................................122

5. Other medium...................................................................................124

Chapter 6 The Art of Animal Cell Culture for Virus Isolation.....................128

1. Introduction ......................................................................................128

2. Basic validation of animal cells used for the isolation of

viruses ................................................................................................132

3. Complications arising from the use of primary cells for virus

isolation .............................................................................................137

4. Serum vs. serum-free cell culture media ....................................139

5. Remediation of mycoplasma contamination ...............................142

6. Microscopy for cell culture ............................................................144

7. Maintenance of virus-infected cell cultures over a few

months ...............................................................................................146

8. Adventitious viruses in cell-lines .................................................148

9. Engineered cell lines for virus isolation .....................................150

10. Paradigms for virus isolation.........................................................153

11. Closing remarks ...............................................................................155

Chapter 7 Metabolomics and Mammalian Cell Culture..................................163

1. Introduction ......................................................................................163

2. Complexity of metabolome analysis ............................................165

3. Experimental design.........................................................................167

4. Aplications in mammalian cell culture – Study cases..............173

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................178

Chapter 8 Effect of UV Light on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Plant Cell Cultures Elicited with Cyclodextrins and

Methyl Jasmonate...................................................................................183

1. Introduction........................................................................................183

2. Effect of UV light exposure, CDs and MJ on the production of

trans-resveratrol.................................................................................191

3. Effect of UV light exposure, CDs and MJ on the production of

indole alkaloids.................................................................................195

4. Effect of UV light exposure, CDs and MJ on the production of

phytosterols........................................................................................198

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................201

6. Acknowledgments.............................................................................203

Citation......................................................................................................215

Index...........................................................................................................217

About Author

Gina Naima obtained her Ph.D. in Agricultural Science from University of Science & Technology, Alberta. Her primary areas of scholarly and research interests lie in the fields of plant molecular and cellular biology. Naima is a distinguished professor of undergraduate education and serves as a guest faculty for several universities across America and Europe. She has worked extensively in the fields of cell biology, molecular biology and cell interactions; and has contributed over 60 peer-reviewed articles and journal papers; and over 25 book chapters in these fields. She has also won several awards for her knowledge and contributions to these fields.