About Book

The materials like mortars, metal composites, reinforced plastics, ceramic composites and concrete are the materials made by combining two different materials together to produce a third material which possesses properties and characteristics which are different from both its parent material. These new prepared materials are called composite materials. They are often more strong or light, or cheaper. Composites are one of the most widely used materials because of their adaptability to different situations and the relative ease of combination with other materials to serve specific purpose and exhibit desirable properties. Composite materials have a wide range of properties and uses, making them the most common building and manufacturing materials in use today. Concrete, fabric blends, paint, paricle board, plastic, glass and even paper are all examples of composite material. Composite materials distinguish themselves from other plastics products of synthesis by characteristics which allow them properties of inalterability and low weight, to substitute for metal pieces. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of composite materials and their structure. It deals with nanocomposite materials, self-actuating composite, anisotropic composite, strength characterization, virtual laboratories, aerospace applications, elastic properties, biomedical applications, fiber-reinforced composite and graphene composite. The details of the research results and the new development in fields are highlighted in this book. With regards to composite materials research, the specifics advances discussed in this book include the experimentation, investigation and the characterization. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included in it. The book is meant for researchers who are looking for an elaborate reference on this field.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Anodic ZnO-Graphene Composite Materials in Lithium

Batteries.........................................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Materials for the design of the ZnO-graphene system.................5

3. Methods of synthesis of ZnO...........................................................11

4. Graphene synthesis methods............................................................13

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................21

Acknowledgements.............................................................................21

Chapter 2 Drilling of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Aeronautical Assembly Processes..................................................................................29

Abstract.................................................................................................29

1. Introduction..........................................................................................30

2. Drilling of CFRP/CFRP stacks for aeronautical assembly..........32

3. Conclusions..........................................................................................47

Acknowledgements.............................................................................48

Conflict of interest..............................................................................48

Chapter 3 316L Stainless Steel/Hydroxyapatite Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications.........................................................................52

Abstract.................................................................................................52

1. Introduction..........................................................................................52

2. State of research in biomaterials......................................................54

3. HAp:316L composite materials.........................................................59

4. Behavior of the biomaterials in simulated physiological

liquids....................................................................................................67

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................68

Acknowledgements.............................................................................69

Chapter 4 Comparative Review Study on Elastic Properties Modeling for

Unidirectional Composite Materials....................................................73

1. Introduction ........................................................................................73

2. Review ................................................................................................75

3. Comparative study, analysis and discussion................................81

4. Conclusion ...........................................................................................89

Chapter 5 Advanced Composite Materials by Resin Transfer Molding for

Aerospace Applications...........................................................................92

1. Introduction..........................................................................................92

2. Overview of RTM process................................................................94

3. Preform technology............................................................................96

4. Resins in aerospace composites ....................................................99

5. Effects of manufacturing on final product..................................104

6. Modeling of RTM process...............................................................107

7. Experimental determination of permeability .............................110

8. Numerical analysis approach.........................................................112

9. Aerospace applications....................................................................114

Chapter 6 Netcentric Virtual Laboratories for Composite Materials............128

1. Introduction........................................................................................128

2. The concept of netcentric virtual laboratories............................130

3. Overview of emerging and enabling technologies....................132

4. A multi-scale modeling approach for concrete materials.........135

5. Virtual laboratory prototype...........................................................142

6. Conclusion and discussion..............................................................146

Chapter 7 Biaxial Tensile Strength Characterization of Textile Composite

Materials ..................................................................................................150

1. Introduction .....................................................................................150

2. Biaxial testing review ......................................................................151

3. Experimental setup ..........................................................................166

4. Conclusions........................................................................................173

Chapter 8 Modelling of Fracture of Anisotropic Composite Materials Under

Dynamic Loads........................................................................................178

1. Introduction........................................................................................178

2. Equations of the model ..................................................................179

3. Check of adequacy of the model .................................................184

4. Deformation and fracture of anisotropic composite materials and

designs under dynamic loading ...................................................186

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................202

Chapter 9 Bio-Inspired Self-Actuating Composite Materials ........................204

1. Introduction ......................................................................................204

2. Less is more:

Organization strategies in organic composite materials ..........206

3. Alive: Hypothesis behind a smart composite material ..........208

4. Experimental: Understanding the behaviour of SMAs ............211

5. Composite: Building the material system ...................................218

6. Architecture with smart composites ............................................224

Acknowledgement ...........................................................................225

Chapter 10 Nanocomposite Materials with Oriented Functionalized

Structure....................................................................................................227

1. Introduction........................................................................................227

2. Mono- and polyvalently functionalized nanocomposite

materials ............................................................................................232

3. Nanostructured material interfaces...............................................236

4. Physical and chemical properties of functionalized

nanosurfaces .....................................................................................239

5. External stimulable nanocomposite materials.............................244

6. Structure and functionality modelling of nanocomposite materials

designed for undestructive reticulation of biological

structures............................................................................................247

7. Structure and functionality modelling of nanocomposites

intended for ecological depollution..............................................252

8. Conclusions........................................................................................259

9. Acknowledgment..............................................................................260

Citation......................................................................................................265

Index...........................................................................................................267

About Author

Jerry Lopes Costa received his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from State University, Veracruz. He serves as an Associate Lecturer at Technical Institute, La Plata and has also been presented the “Teacher of the Year Award”. He has wide-ranging areas of academic and research interests, which include high strength composites and reinforced plastics. Costa has written numerous research papers & articles in various international journals. He has also been an invited speaker at various international conferences.