ISBN: 978-1-83926-279-1
Year: 2022
Binding: HB
Price: US $ 295.00
Algae are the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth; they capture more solar energy and produce more oxygen than the sum of the rest of the plants. Algae can be found in almost every ecosystem, due to their high adaptation ability. Algal biotechnology is a technology developed using algae. This can be further divided into microalgae technology and macroalgae technology. Furthermore, biotechnology based on algae is blooming due to their multiple and useful properties. Algae also represent a potential biomass to be explored as a source to develop bioplastics because algal biomass is abundant, fast-growing, and unexploited resource often left to decompose on the shores posing waste problems. Algae are a cost-effective source of producing fuel, feed, and neutraceuticals all year round with minimal use of land. For example, oil yields from microalgae are approximately 10 times higher than from palm oil. This is an important prerequisite for large-scale commercial production of biofuels. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of algal biotechnology. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and are bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It talks in detail about algal polysaccharides, algal biorefinery, microalgal biofuels, algal nanoparticles, marine algal, microalgal biomass and algal fuel cell. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject. It aims to serve as a resource guide for researchers and facilitate the study of the discipline.
Preface............................................................................................................v
Chapter 1 Microalgal Biomass: A Biorefinery Approach......................................1
Abstract ..................................................................................................1
1. Introduction............................................................................................2
2. Biorefineries............................................................................................3
3. Semicontinuous culture of Scenedesmus sp. SCX2 in RW
under greenhouse conditions.............................................................9
Acknowledgements.............................................................................16
Chapter 2 Challenges and Opportunities in the Present Era of Marine
Algal Applications....................................................................................26
Abstract.................................................................................................26
1. Introduction..........................................................................................27
2. Description of marine algae: morphological and genetic
characterisation....................................................................................29
3. Applying biotechnology tools to explore the hidden properties
of marine algae....................................................................................30
4. Existing and potential applications of marine algae...................42
5. Challenges and opportunities in biotechnological applications of
marine algae.........................................................................................52
Acknowledgements.............................................................................57
Chapter 3 Algal Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biotechnological Potentials.73
Abstract.................................................................................................73
1. Introduction..........................................................................................74
2. Types of nanoparticles.......................................................................75
Acknowledgements.............................................................................89
Chapter 4 Microalgal Biorefineries........................................................................102
1. Introduction........................................................................................102
2. Carbon dioxide emissions and mitigation...................................104
3. Microalgae strains and photosynthetic metabolism...................106
4. Requirements of microalgae biorefineries....................................108
5. Microalgal biomass harvesting technologies...............................113
6. Biorefinery..........................................................................................115
7. Extraction and purification of microalgae metabolites..............118
8. Potential uses for bioproducts obtained from microalgal
biorefineries........................................................................................119
9. Final considerations..........................................................................121
Chapter 5 Microalgal Biofuel..................................................................................132
1. Introduction........................................................................................132
2. World’s scenario................................................................................133
3. Classification of biofuels..................................................................137
4. Algal basics........................................................................................138
5. Current usage of microalgae..........................................................142
6. Classification of microalgae............................................................143
7. Microalgae for biodiesel production.............................................149
8. Technology for growing algae........................................................153
9. Harvesting of algae...........................................................................157
10. Algae oil extraction techniques......................................................160
11. Biodiesel production from algal oil...............................................162
12. Sustainability......................................................................................163
Acknowledgements...........................................................................167
Chapter 6 Algal Biorefinery for Biodiesel Production......................................177
1. Introduction........................................................................................177
2. Algae strains and properties...........................................................179
3. Biodiesel production from microalgae..........................................183
4. Conclusion..........................................................................................205
Chapter 7 Algal Polysaccharides, Novel Applications and Outlook.............217
1. Introduction........................................................................................217
2. Seaweed production and extraction..............................................220
3. Phycolloid industry..........................................................................222
4. Bioactive algal polysaccharides and functional properties.......224
5. Brown algae – Growth, cultivation and productivity...............244
6. From a hydrocarbon society to carbohydrate society...............247
7. Outlook ..............................................................................................253
Citation......................................................................................................273
Index...........................................................................................................275
