About Book

Plant development is the process by which structures originate and mature as a plant grows. Plants produce new tissues and structures throughout their life from clusters of undifferentiated cells called meristems. Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Plant development shares many similarities with developmental processes in animals, but the fact that plants are nonmotile, photosynthetic organisms requires certain novel developmental processes in addition to the common ones. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of plant development and reproduction. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. It focuses on management strategies, stress responses, plant sexual reproduction and reproductive stage stress. It also explores plant nanobionics, plant comparative transcriptomics and development of androgenesis. It studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of this subject area and its utmost significance in modern times. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and facilitate the study of the discipline.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Plant Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Functional Mechanisms and Gene Regulatory Networks Involved in Anther Development and Male Sterility.......................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Comparative analysis using transcriptome data............................4

3. Plant comparative transcriptomics in anther...................................6

4. A case study: revealing the molecular functions of a MS gene,

ZmMs33, by comparative transcriptomics.....................................11

5. Gene co-expression and regulatory networks reconstructed by

comparative transcriptomics method..............................................14

6. A case study: reconstructing ceRNA-miRNA target gene

regulatory networks using transcriptome data of maize

anther.....................................................................................................16

7. Conclusions..........................................................................................19

Acknowledgements.............................................................................20

Conflict of interest..............................................................................20

Abbreviations.......................................................................................20

Chapter 2 Plant Nanobionics and Its Applications for Developing

Plants with Improved Photosynthetic Capacity................................29

Abstract.................................................................................................29

1. Introduction..........................................................................................30

2. Employment of nanotechnology for the improvement of

photosynthetic activity and plant productivity............................35

3. Future prospects..................................................................................39

Acknowledgements.............................................................................40

Conflict of interest..............................................................................40

Abbreviations.......................................................................................40

Chapter 3 Hd3a Florigen Recruits Different Proteins to Reveal Its Function

in Plant Growth and Development......................................................51

Abstract.................................................................................................51

1. Introduction..........................................................................................52

2. Flowering regulation in rice.............................................................55

3. Yeast two-hybrid screening for searching Hd3a-interacting

proteins..................................................................................................57

4. Rice flowering regulation by Hd3a and GF14c interaction.........62

5. Hd3a interaction with BIP116b and OsKANADI..........................65

6. Hd3a homolog in plant development.............................................66

7. Conclusion and future prospects.....................................................68

Acknowledgements.............................................................................69

Chapter 4 The Trials and Tribulations of the Plant Male Gametophyte —

Understanding Reproductive Stage Stress Tolerance......................74

Abstract.................................................................................................74

1. Introduction..........................................................................................75

2. Male gametophyte development and its biodiversity.................77

3. Meiosis: The start of reproductive development..........................81

4. The importance of the anther tapetum..........................................83

5. The pollen cell wall............................................................................86

6. Pollen metabolism and development: role of vacuoles and

plastids..................................................................................................90

7. Consequences of synchrony and asynchrony in pollen

development: Pollen competition....................................................93

8. Duration and continuity of pollen development..........................95

9. Pollen dehydration, presentation and anther dehiscence...........96

10. Conclusions........................................................................................103

11. Appendix............................................................................................106

Acknowledgements...........................................................................108

Chapter 5 Callose in Plant Sexual Reproduction...............................................134

1. Introduction........................................................................................134

2. Callose in the cells related with sexual reproduction...............136

3. Several other locations of callose and its deposition in response

to stress...............................................................................................149

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................152

Chapter 6 Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant Development and Stress Responses...................................................164

1. Introduction........................................................................................164

2. JA biosynthesis pathway and regulation.....................................166

3. JA perception and signaling pathway..........................................184

4. THE physiological roles of JA in plant development and

defense.................................................................................................196

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................207

Acknowledgement.............................................................................208

Chapter 7 Developing Crop-Specific Irrigation Management Strategies Considering Effects of Drought on Carbon Metabolism in

Plants ........................................................................................................229

1. Introduction ......................................................................................229

2. Production and consumption of carbon under low water

availability ......................................................................................232

3. Changes in sugar metabolism in response to low water

availability .........................................................................................243

4. Water-saving irrigation and plant metabolism...........................248

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................253

Chapter 8 Development of Androgenesis Studies on Eggplant

(Solanum melongena L.) in Turkey from Past to Present..............267

Abstract...............................................................................................267

1. Introduction........................................................................................268

2. Haploidization and doubled haploid (DH) technique..............269

3. Eggplant androgenesis studies conducted in Turkey................271

4. Factors affecting success of eggplant androgenesis studies

conducted in Turkey.........................................................................272

5. Ploidy detection and chromosome doubling...............................284

6. Microspore embryogenesis efficiency............................................285

7. Overview of an efficient anther culture protocol used in

eggplant .............................................................................................285

8. Conclusion and recommendations................................................291

Icons and abbreviations...................................................................292

Abbreviations.....................................................................................292

Citation......................................................................................................301

Index...........................................................................................................303

About Author

Aurelia Turner pursued her Doctoral Degree in Plant Cell and Molecular Genetics from University of Science and Research, Amsterdam. She serves as a Senior Lecturer at Open Research University, Geneva. In her career of over two decades, Turner has extensively researched in the field of plant science; and has simultaneously produced researches published as journal papers and articles. She has attended numerous conferences and symposiums; and has presented 5 papers on plant science. She also works as an editorial assistant and writer for a scientific journal and textbook publication.